Assessment of Next Steps to Promote the Energy Performance and Sustainability of Data Centres in EU, Including the Establishment of an EU-wide Rating Scheme

This report, prepared for the European Commission by EY, AIT and the Borderstep Institute, assesses the energy performance and sustainability of data centres across the EU in line with Article 12(5) of Directive 2023/1791. It evaluates reported data and proposes methodological improvements for data quality and indicator reporting. The study explores options for an EU-wide rating scheme, defines Minimum Performance Standards (MPS) for energy efficiency, and examines the feasibility of achieving a net-zero emission data centre sector. Results are based on reported data from over 700 facilities, stakeholder consultations, and a review of existing international standards. Recommendations aim to support harmonised monitoring, transparency, and policy design for sustainable data centre development in the EU.