Genomic diversity in <i>Paenibacillus polymyxa</i> unveiling distinct species groups and functional variability

Background Paenibacillus polymyxa is a bacterial species of high interest, as suggested by the increased number of publications on its functions in the past years. Accordingly, the number of described strains and sequenced genomes is also on the rise. While functional diversity of P. polymyxa has been suggested before, the available genomic data is now sufficient for robust comparative genomics analyses. Results Using 157 genomes, we found significant disparities among strains currently affiliated to P. polymyxa. Multiple taxonomic groups were identified with conserved predicted functions putatively impacting their respective ecology. As strains of this species have been reported to exhibit considerable potential in agriculture, medicine, and bioremediation, it is preferable to clarify their taxonomic organization to facilitate reliable and durable approval as active ingredients. Conclusions Strains currently affiliated to P. polymyxa can be separated into two major species groups with differential potential in nitrogen fixation, plant interaction, secondary metabolism, and antimicrobial resistance, as inferred from genomic data.