Principle Approaches of Recyclable Solid-State Batteries with Polymer, Oxide, Sulfide and Halide Electrolytes

In recent decades, the development of solid electrolytes including sulfide, halide, polymer, and oxide for solid-state batteries has made significant progress [1]. Based on the two manufacturing processes (dry- and wet-chemistry process) of the solid-state battery, it is quite important and attractive to re-use the materials that are obtained from the solid-state battery [2]. However, the understanding of the recyclability of SSBs as compared to LIBs is limited from the point of view of the possible adaptation of LIB’s methods to the recycling technologies of solid-state batteries. Therefore, new strategies for indirect recycling of different types of SSBs need to be explored. These recycling approaches, which require robust, energy-efficient processes with reduced environmental impact, can provide a vision for high recycling rates and reuse of materials and components for lithium-ion and solid-state batteries (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of principle approaches of the recycling process for solid-state batteries.
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[1] M. Ahuis, S. Doose, D. Vogt, M. Michalowski, S. Zellmer, A. Kwade, Recycling of solid-state batteries. Nat. Energy 9 (2024) 373–385.
[2] A. Tron, R. Hamid, N. Zhang, A. Beutl, Rational optimization of cathode/electrolyte bilayer assemblies for all-solid-state batteries, Nanomaterials 13 (2) (2023) 327.