Worst-Case Abschätzung von thermischen Gebäudeverhalten

Thermal building simulation describes the behavior of buildings and energy systems in terms of power distribution, cooling and heating-up and other transient thermal processes. With tools such as TRNSYS, it is possible to make statements about a building using, for example, annual simulations. The effort required is to create the building model, i.e. the building struc-ture and the energy systems. For many questions, such modeling is essential; however, the scalability of this approach is problematic, because models have to be created manually or at most semi-automatically. This procedure is not applicable when large groups of buildings and entire districts are to be modeled. In this paper an approach is presented that can reduce the modeling effort in order to model large quantities of buildings quickly and efficiently. Applications include, for example, the de-termination of thermal potentials to support the electrical grid in terms of avoidance of elec-trical consumption during peak load periods. This application does not require an exact rep-resentation of the thermal behavior of a building, but the simplified model must rather ensure that even in the worst case the comfort of the residents is not compromised. A major advantage of the method is that there is no need for instrumentation in the building: for the creation of the model only data from the Energy Performance Certificate is used, but no monitoring values from the building. This simplified method of modeling is primarily intended for model-based control where the control strategies are often implemented in embedded systems with reduced performance. In such systems, it is not easily possible to run a full thermal simulation. Instead, the differ-ential equations have to be solved in advance, so that the computational load in the substa-tion or control center is limited to the calculation of a few simple equations. The structure of the model is already defined in explicit equations, during commissioning only a few parame-ters must be configured.