Assertive Takeover Requests: Immediate and Sustained Effects on Stress and Performance

Vanessa Kraut; Lenart Motnikar; Alexander Mirnig; Peter Fröhlich

doi:10.1145/3580585.3607174

Assertive Takeover Requests: Immediate and Sustained Effects on Stress and Performance

Vanessa Kraut, Lenart Motnikar (Speaker), Alexander Mirnig, Peter Fröhlich

Experience Contexts & Tools

Research output: Chapter in Book or Conference Proceedings › Conference Proceedings with Oral Presentation › peer-review

Abstract

In conditionally automated driving, assertive takeover requests (TORs) have been found to elicit faster responses in the transition from automated to manual control. However, despite this apparent benefit, concerns have been raised that assertive signals can stress the drivers, resulting in worse takeover quality and subsequent driving performance.
To investigate the phenomenon, we conducted a driving simulator study exploring the effects of assertive and non-assertive TOR signals. In a series of tasks where the drivers were required to take over control of the vehicle to manually maneuver a critical situation, immediate and sustained measures of driving performance, stress, and subjective perceptions were compared.
Consistent with previous research, the assertive signal led to shorter reaction times and stronger braking. However, no other immediate or delayed differences in the measures were observed. These findings suggest that assertive TOR signals might be a preferable design option, however, the phenomenon should be further explored.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Pages	103-111
Number of pages	9
ISBN (Print)	9798400701054
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1145/3580585.3607174
Publication status	Published - 18 Sept 2023
Event	15th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI 2023) - Ingolstadt, Germany Duration: 18 Sept 2023 → 22 Sept 2023 https://www.auto-ui.org/23/

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications

Conference

Conference	15th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI 2023)
Abbreviated title	AutomotiveUI 2023
Country/Territory	Germany
City	Ingolstadt
Period	18/09/23 → 22/09/23
Internet address	https://www.auto-ui.org/23/

Research Field

Former Research Field - Capturing Experience

Keywords

conditionally automated driving
take-over quality
driver stress
auditory interface

Access to Document

10.1145/3580585.3607174Licence: CC BY

Cite this

Kraut, V., Motnikar, L., Mirnig, A., & Fröhlich, P. (2023). Assertive Takeover Requests: Immediate and Sustained Effects on Stress and Performance. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (pp. 103-111). (Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications). Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). https://doi.org/10.1145/3580585.3607174

Kraut, Vanessa ; Motnikar, Lenart ; Mirnig, Alexander et al. / Assertive Takeover Requests: Immediate and Sustained Effects on Stress and Performance. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2023. pp. 103-111 (Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications).

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title = "Assertive Takeover Requests: Immediate and Sustained Effects on Stress and Performance",

abstract = "In conditionally automated driving, assertive takeover requests (TORs) have been found to elicit faster responses in the transition from automated to manual control. However, despite this apparent benefit, concerns have been raised that assertive signals can stress the drivers, resulting in worse takeover quality and subsequent driving performance.To investigate the phenomenon, we conducted a driving simulator study exploring the effects of assertive and non-assertive TOR signals. In a series of tasks where the drivers were required to take over control of the vehicle to manually maneuver a critical situation, immediate and sustained measures of driving performance, stress, and subjective perceptions were compared.Consistent with previous research, the assertive signal led to shorter reaction times and stronger braking. However, no other immediate or delayed differences in the measures were observed. These findings suggest that assertive TOR signals might be a preferable design option, however, the phenomenon should be further explored.",

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Kraut, V, Motnikar, L, Mirnig, A & Fröhlich, P 2023, Assertive Takeover Requests: Immediate and Sustained Effects on Stress and Performance. in Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), pp. 103-111, 15th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI 2023), Ingolstadt, Germany, 18/09/23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3580585.3607174

Assertive Takeover Requests: Immediate and Sustained Effects on Stress and Performance. / Kraut, Vanessa; Motnikar, Lenart (Speaker); Mirnig, Alexander et al.
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2023. p. 103-111 (Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications).

Research output: Chapter in Book or Conference Proceedings › Conference Proceedings with Oral Presentation › peer-review

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AU - Kraut, Vanessa

AU - Mirnig, Alexander

AU - Fröhlich, Peter

A2 - Motnikar, Lenart

N1 - Q3/2023

PY - 2023/9/18

Y1 - 2023/9/18

N2 - In conditionally automated driving, assertive takeover requests (TORs) have been found to elicit faster responses in the transition from automated to manual control. However, despite this apparent benefit, concerns have been raised that assertive signals can stress the drivers, resulting in worse takeover quality and subsequent driving performance.To investigate the phenomenon, we conducted a driving simulator study exploring the effects of assertive and non-assertive TOR signals. In a series of tasks where the drivers were required to take over control of the vehicle to manually maneuver a critical situation, immediate and sustained measures of driving performance, stress, and subjective perceptions were compared.Consistent with previous research, the assertive signal led to shorter reaction times and stronger braking. However, no other immediate or delayed differences in the measures were observed. These findings suggest that assertive TOR signals might be a preferable design option, however, the phenomenon should be further explored.

AB - In conditionally automated driving, assertive takeover requests (TORs) have been found to elicit faster responses in the transition from automated to manual control. However, despite this apparent benefit, concerns have been raised that assertive signals can stress the drivers, resulting in worse takeover quality and subsequent driving performance.To investigate the phenomenon, we conducted a driving simulator study exploring the effects of assertive and non-assertive TOR signals. In a series of tasks where the drivers were required to take over control of the vehicle to manually maneuver a critical situation, immediate and sustained measures of driving performance, stress, and subjective perceptions were compared.Consistent with previous research, the assertive signal led to shorter reaction times and stronger braking. However, no other immediate or delayed differences in the measures were observed. These findings suggest that assertive TOR signals might be a preferable design option, however, the phenomenon should be further explored.

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Kraut V, Motnikar L, Mirnig A, Fröhlich P. Assertive Takeover Requests: Immediate and Sustained Effects on Stress and Performance. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). 2023. p. 103-111. (Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications). doi: 10.1145/3580585.3607174

Assertive Takeover Requests: Immediate and Sustained Effects on Stress and Performance

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